The current research seeks to study the evolution and financial problems faced by circular economies and closed-loop systems from a sustainability perspective. In terms of the scope of this research, it will focus on discussing the transition to circular economies from traditional approaches to economics and the financial and environmental problems associated with such a change. As for the goals pursued by conducting this research, it can be said that the primary goal will be understanding the contribution made by circular economies to the process of sustainability and discussing important financial factors preventing the implementation of these ideas. At the same time, it can be stated that the current research paper uses a theoretical approach, based on a detailed literature review and historical analysis. The use of this methodology makes it possible to consider the economic, financial, technological, and environmental aspects of the problem in question and combine them in one system to gain a more thorough understanding of it. Despite their well-documented benefits, circular economy and closed-loop systems continue to face significant financial challenges. Case studies—such as Omega-3 production from waste fish oil, biodiesel from used cooking oil, and eco-industrial parks—demonstrate both their viability and economic potential. However, these examples also highlight that high investment costs and financial risks remain key barriers to large-scale adoption.

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