The strategic management of the transition to renewable energy sources is an utmost priority for developing nations to combat energy instability and climate change. Global cooperation and SDG–aligned policy execution are increasingly driving this transition in Pakistan. Pakistan’s foreign policy focuses on sustainable energy transition to address environmental problems and the growing energy demand, in line with SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). This qualitative strategy research examines Pakistan’s renewable energy policies, international collaboration, and the implementation of large-scale projects. Systematic content analysis was used to scrutinize government reports, treaties, policy papers, and multilateral agreements. Theme coding and inclusion criteria highlighted important policy measures, diplomatic efforts, and project outcomes. This research is unique because it weighs the pros and cons of energy projects, such as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), big hydropower dams, solar and wind parks, and guidelines for electric cars. Debt sustainability, social and environmental effects, governance problems, and grid integration are all important. The study systematically records bilateral and multilateral MoUs, project capacity, financial sources, and operational status to assess Pakistan’s energy diplomacy and strategic standing. The research shows that global partnerships and legislative initiatives have accelerated the adoption of renewable energy; however, institutional barriers and socio-environmental trade-offs persist. The study offers a distinctive perspective on Pakistan’s foreign policy’s influence on its transition to renewable energy, along with pragmatic suggestions to enhance governance, financing, and sustainable energy diplomacy.

The integration of mental health services into primary health care is a globally recognised strategy for closing the treatment gap in low- and middle-income countries, where up to 90 % of people with mental disorders receive no care. However, existing reviews remain largely descriptive and do not explain how factors across health system levels interact. This qualitative evidence synthesis examined individual, interpersonal, organisational, and policy-level factors influencing mental health service integration into primary health care across LMICs. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, six databases were searched from 2000 to 2025, yielding 29 included studies. Data were coded inductively and mapped onto the Socio-Ecological Model. Key barriers included stigma, low mental health literacy, workforce shortages, inadequate infrastructure, and fragmented governance. Key facilitators included community engagement, inter-professional collaboration, and sustained government commitment. A consistent policy-to-individual cascade was identified, whereby financing and governance constraints reduce organisational capacity, weaken provider performance, and erode patient trust. Findings highlight the need for sustained mental health financing, task sharing, continuous workforce training, and embedded community engagement within primary health care structures.

This study rigorously investigates the psychological mechanisms that link corporate sustainability initiatives to long-term customer loyalty in the high-involvement residential construction sector. Anchored in the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) paradigm, the research empirically tests whether Perceived Sustainable Value (PSV) acts as a mediator between a firm’s Triple Bottom Line (TBL) performance and customer loyalty. Employing an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, the study combines Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with qualitative reflexive thematic analysis, using 412 recent homebuyers in Thailand and 12 follow-up interviews. The quantitative results establish that PSV fully mediates the pathway from TBL stimuli to behavioral loyalty. Notably, Perceived Social Performance emerged as the most dominant predictor of value, challenging the traditional environmental bias prevalent in green marketing literature. The qualitative findings reveal that consumers utilize a firm’s social performance as a primary heuristic for moral integrity and structural safety, while independent green building certifications act as crucial credibility signals to bridge information asymmetry. Ultimately, the study confirms that sustainable business practices must be actively translated into multidimensional psychological value to cultivate enduring customer loyalty successfully.

Globally, climate change continues to disrupt food systems. Determinants such as gradually rising temperatures and extreme weather patterns have a significant impact on these systems resulting in inconsistencies that ultimately impair their sustainability. This study focused on investigating climate-induced discrepancies in food system synergy and their impact on the sustainability of youth agripreneurs. The study was conducted in the Musina municipality of the Limpopo province. Simple random sampling was used to select the study participants, while structured questionnaires were administered during in-person interviews. The multinomial logistic regression model was used to investigate the influence of climate-induced discrepancies on the sustainability of agribusiness enterprises owned by young farmers. The study’s findings revealed that climate-induced discrepancies had a severe impact on the collapse, survival, and sustainability of agribusiness enterprises. Subsequently, these discrepancies had both progressive and regressive influences on the sustainability of agribusiness enterprises at various stages of their life cycle. At a policy level, the study recommends joint collaborative investment efforts in localized input manufacturing facilities, as this will help mitigate fluctuations in input prices and sustain their availability. . Future studies could focus on integrating the economic viability of a commodity-tailored resilience approach, thereby providing insights into the coping mechanisms that are ideal and cost-effective for specific regions and agricultural enterprises.

This conceptual review explores how supply chain integration (SCI) and green environmental management (GEM) practices affect technological innovation performance (TIP) in firms. Being based on the PRISMA methodology, the study conducts an in-depth review of related literature in various databases and highlights how the eco-design, green manufacturing, and sustainable delivery practices by GEM can directly enhance the ability of businesses to develop environmentally-friendly innovations. Also, through improved information sharing, integration within the supply chain and internal and external collaboration, supply chain integration reinforces this impact. Green practices coupled with supply chain integration have provided a synergy that has produced an ecosystem that has enabled sustainable technological progress, keeping the environment goals in line with the operational efficiencies. The results indicate that those organizations that have implemented all-inclusive green policies and enhanced supply chain relations are in a better place to realize improved innovation results, which can bring both theoretical and practical advice on the sustainable development. Further studies are needed to take on various industry settings, use wider linguistic tools, and to use quantitative designs to learn more about these associations. Altogether, the combination of green environmental management and the cooperation of suppliers chains can play a crucial role in moving the innovation forward and attaining the long-term environmental and competitive success.Bottom of Form

Sustainable tourism has emerged as an important approach in achieving a harmonious balance between economic development and environmental protection in destinations following low carbon development approaches. This study explores the working mechanism of resilient low carbon tourism destinations through exploring failure management, infrastructure resilience, low carbon practices, and communication quality at major destinations in Thailand, such as Bangkok, Phuket, and Chiang Mai. The study made use of an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach whereby quantitative data was first collected from 602 tourists and followed by an interpretative approach using semi-structured interviews conducted among 30 individuals. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis show that low carbon practices, infrastructure resilience, and communication quality positively affect tourist satisfaction, while perceived failure dimensions have an adverse impact on satisfaction and destination loyalty indirectly. In particular, the qualitative phase focused on providing explanations related to the findings of SEM analysis with special attention paid to tourist perception and experience of implemented strategies aimed at enhancing resilience and sustainability at tourist destinations. Thematic analysis of interview data allowed the emergence of several themes, including perceived failures of services and the environment, low carbon adaptation, infrastructure resilience, and open communication promoting trust and loyalty.

This study explores the evolving role of educational tools in business education and examines how these tools contribute to the advancement of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), which emphasizes inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all. Based on the emerging trend of the confluence of technology, pedagogy, and sustainability in the literature, the present study was designed with the intention of employing the research design approach of utilizing the bibliometric method to ascertain the trends and intellectual structure of the literature on technology-enhanced business education. The literature consisted of 256 peer-reviewed articles published in the Scopus database from 2015 to 2025. The literature was obtained from the database using advanced keywords. The present study employed advanced bibliometric techniques such as citation analysis, co-citation analysis, and co-word mapping to ascertain the trends in the literature. The findings of the present study reveal an increase in the literature on the subject in the past decade. This reflects the rising interest in the application of artificial intelligence-based tools, experiential and technology-based learning environments, and sustainability-based pedagogies in business education. The literature reveals the following theoretical underpinnings in the subject: the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Experiential Learning Theory, and the Resource-Based View. These theories collectively explain the application of technology in business education. The present analysis is a reflection of the shift from traditional methodologies of instruction to data-driven, interactive, and learner-centric tools in business education. These tools are in consonance with the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goal 4. From the perspective of the application of the findings of the present study in the business world, the analysis is a reflection of the need for higher educational institutions to invest in the application of digital technologies in business education. This application of digital technologies is essentially required in the digitalized business world to maximize the effectiveness of the educational process. This study, through the provision of a comprehensive synthesis of research trends and intellectual foundations, presents original value for educators, researchers, and policymakers who require insights into strategic decision-making, research trends, and formulation of policies in technology-enhanced business education in consonance with global sustainability goals.

The increased use of desalination technologies has generated significant volumes of brine; the improper management poses an environmental risk. The reuse of this byproduct for irrigating halophytic species emerges as a sustainable alternative, helping to reduce ecological impacts and promote agricultural production in areas affected by salinity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using brine from reverse osmosis processes in the cultivation of Salicornia bigelovii by analyzing its effects on soil salinization, plant growth, biomass production, and plant protein content. The study evaluated the morphometric response of Salicornia bigelovii to different irrigation salinity concentrations (34,000–50,000 mg L⁻¹ salinity). Comparing the concentration of 42,000 mg L-1 with the others treatments, it was found that this concentration promoted plant growth, as evidenced by greater height, number of branches, other treatments, it was found that this concentration promoted plant growth, as evidenced by greater height, number of branches, and fresh and dry weight. In addition, it maintained a high protein content (9.16%) compared to the control of 34,000 mg L-1 (10.16%). However, at 50,000 mg L⁻¹ salinity, a significant reduction was observed in all evaluated parameters, indicating that the plant tolerance threshold was exceeded due to effects such as ionic toxicity and osmotic stress. Furthermore, physicochemical analyses of the substrate revealed that salinity induces conditions similar to those found in Solonchak, a type of coastal saline soil characterized by high electrical conductivity and high sodium content. These findings support the use of brine as a viable irrigation alternative, provided that plants salt tolerance limits are respected, establishing Salicornia bigelovii as a promising option for cultivation in coastal and desert areas.

The current research seeks to study the evolution and financial problems faced by circular economies and closed-loop systems from a sustainability perspective. In terms of the scope of this research, it will focus on discussing the transition to circular economies from traditional approaches to economics and the financial and environmental problems associated with such a change. As for the goals pursued by conducting this research, it can be said that the primary goal will be understanding the contribution made by circular economies to the process of sustainability and discussing important financial factors preventing the implementation of these ideas. At the same time, it can be stated that the current research paper uses a theoretical approach, based on a detailed literature review and historical analysis. The use of this methodology makes it possible to consider the economic, financial, technological, and environmental aspects of the problem in question and combine them in one system to gain a more thorough understanding of it. Despite their well-documented benefits, circular economy and closed-loop systems continue to face significant financial challenges. Case studies—such as Omega-3 production from waste fish oil, biodiesel from used cooking oil, and eco-industrial parks—demonstrate both their viability and economic potential. However, these examples also highlight that high investment costs and financial risks remain key barriers to large-scale adoption.

This research examines the Tongtong system as a community-based Indigenous justice mechanism in the Philippines. A sequential mixed-methods design was employed, involving a quantitative survey of 455 respondents to assess perceptions of the effectiveness of the Tongtong system across three dimensions: Peaceful conflict resolution, observance of due process, and platform for grievance redress, followed by qualitative interviews and focus group discussions to explore its underlying mechanisms. Quantitative findings revealed that the Tongtong system was perceived as highly effective overall, particularly in promoting peaceful conflict resolution. Qualitative findings further showed that the system’s effectiveness is grounded in four foundational elements: (1) elder authority, (2) normative values, (3) restorative practices, and (4) procedural neutrality. Elders were viewed as legitimate mediators due to their experience, moral authority, and collective community recognition. Participants likewise emphasized that accountability, humility, spiritual reverence, and inayan function as culturally embedded regulatory values that strengthen community discipline and social cohesion. Additional features such as neutrality, collaborative dialogue, and relationship repair further contribute to long-term community harmony. These findings support the assertion that the Tongtong system represents a viable, culturally embedded model of governance used to create sustainable social development through the enhancement of social cohesion, the facilitation of inclusive participation, and the generation of a resilient community. The findings also continue to lend credence to the argument that Indigenous justice systems be recognized as valid supplements to formal justice institutions, particularly in situations where culturally appropriate and accessible mechanisms are crucial for establishing effective governance. 

This article analyses the Latin America Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI-LA) as a regional instrument for poverty measurement, policy interpretation, and comparative social-development analysis. In response to the review report, the manuscript has been reframed from a merely source-bound reconstruction into an interpretive methodological article that critically evaluates the MPI-LA against the Global MPI, income-poverty measures, and the structural conditions of Latin America. The study uses a systematic documentary-extraction protocol, comparative conceptual analysis, and source-based descriptive synthesis of the 2008–2022 evidence reported by ECLAC. It argues that the MPI-LA is analytically valuable because it captures non-monetary deprivations that income measures and acute-poverty global indices may miss in middle-income Latin American contexts. Nevertheless, its results depend on normative decisions regarding equal weighting, household-level identification, indicator availability, and the 33% poverty cutoff. The findings show that multidimensional poverty declined substantially between 2008 and 2022, but progress remained uneven across countries, territories, age groups, ethnic groups, and gender. The paper concludes that the MPI-LA should be used as a complementary, policy-oriented tool rather than as a substitute for income poverty or national multidimensional indices.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa face disproportionate HIV risk amid stigma, criminalisation, and uneven access to key population–competent services. As long-acting PrEP (including injectable cabotegravir; CAB-LA) enters policy adoption, implementation planning requires accurate, context-specific estimates of HIV burden and clearer documentation of the evidence base. This review aimed to synthesise evidence on HIV burden among MSM (and mixed MSM/transgender women samples where reported) in South Africa and interpret implications for equity-centred prevention delivery, including long-acting PrEP. Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Africa Index Medicus, plus registers and supplementary sources, from 1 January 1994 to 21 January 2026. We followed PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA-S. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and appraised risk of bias using design-appropriate tools. We pooled HIV prevalence estimates using a random-effects meta-analysis (logit-transformed; DerSimonian–Laird) and quantified heterogeneity using I². Publication bias/small-study effects were explored using funnel plot inspection and Egger’s test. PROSPERO: CRD42026129016. Results: Fifteen eligible study-estimates were included; all were from South Africa (13/15 reported sample size; total N = 4911; two estimates did not report N). The pooled HIV prevalence was 29.2% (95% CI 23.1–36.1; I² = 94.4%). In subgroup analyses, pooled prevalence was 27.5% among MSM-only samples (95% CI 21.0–35.1; I² = 94.4%) and 41.2% among mixed MSM/transgender women samples (95% CI 37.3–45.2; I² = 0%; two estimates). Leave-one-out sensitivity analyses yielded pooled prevalence ranging from 27.8% to 30.6%. Egger’s test did not indicate strong evidence of small-study effects (p = 0.422). Conclusions: Evidence for MSM within this review is concentrated in South Africa and indicates a high, heterogeneous HIV burden. No included study reported CAB-LA effectiveness, safety, persistence, or resistance outcomes, highlighting a key evidence gap. Equity-centred scale-up of oral and long-acting PrEP should prioritise stigma-free, community-linked delivery models and strengthen HIV testing and surveillance systems to mitigate delayed diagnosis and potential resistance.

This study examines the efficiency-enhancing effects and latent risks of embedding artificial intelligence (AI) into financial systems, with a xfocus on implications for sustainable social development. The significant findings indicates that an AI-driven financial decision-making model incorporating explicit sustainability constraints demonstrates considerable analytical value. Evidence from multi-agent simulation experiments indicates that the performance of the AI-based model is systematically compared with traditional rule-based frameworks across multiple dimensions, including capital allocation efficiency, financial inclusion, individual-level risk control, and systemic risk synchronization. The key data suggest that AI significantly improves the allocation of capital toward high-ESG entities, increasing the capital allocation efficiency index from 0.462 to 0.618. Simulation shows financial inclusion rises from 0.38 to 0.57 while default rate declines to 0.089. The important results indicates that financial inclusion, measured by the coverage of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) receiving financing, increases nearly 50 % in access to critical resources. Additionally, the significant evidence suggests that the systemic risk synchronization index increases from 0.31 to 0.43, which indicates the potential accumulation of latent systemic vulnerabilities. The key findings demonstrate that these results highlight a trade-off: AI advances sustainable finance by enhancing efficiency and inclusion. Data show AI may amplify systemic risk. Evidence indicates that achieving sustainable outcomes requires a dynamic balance. The study indicates that technological deployment and institutional constraints appear to remain in essential tension throughout this important process.

Local governments increasingly use mascot characters as branding tools to strengthen regional identity and promote local consumption. This study examines how brand authenticity influences purchase intention in the context of Jinju City’s Hamo character, focusing on the mediating roles of brand trust, brand attachment, and brand loyalty. Survey data were collected from 189 consumers familiar with Hamo and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results show that brand authenticity significantly increases brand trust, brand attachment, and brand loyalty. However, brand trust does not significantly affect brand loyalty, whereas brand attachment strongly enhances brand loyalty, which in turn leads to purchase intention. The mediation results confirm that brand authenticity influences purchase intention mainly through the sequential pathway of brand attachment and brand loyalty. The novelty of this study lies in extending brand authenticity research to the underexplored context of local public mascot branding and showing that emotional attachment is more important than cognitive trust in converting authenticity into purchase intention. However, because the analysis is based on a relatively small sample from a single local mascot case, the findings should be interpreted with caution and verified through larger and more diverse samples.

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) based on lithium‑ion technologies are increasingly used to support the integration of renewable energy in buildings and critical facilities. At the same time, several recent fire and explosion incidents have shown that thermal runaway and gas generation can represent a major hazard for occupants, first responders and the environment if systems are not properly designed. This paper presents a design‑oriented framework for the fire safety of lithium‑ion BESS installations that is explicitly aligned with the Italian Fire Safety Code (Codice di Prevenzione Incendi, DM 3 August 2015) and with the national guidelines for BESS issued by the Italian National Fire Rescue and Service. The paper first summarizes the main mechanisms of thermal runaway initiation and propagation, with emphasis on gas generation, overpressure effects and cascade failures in containerized and room‑scale installations. It then maps these phenomena onto the performance‑based structure of the Italian Fire Safety Code and the three operational regions defined in the national BESS guidelines: Prevention, containment (protection) and management. For each region, specific design measures are discussed, including cell qualification and abuse testing, thermal management and environmental control, advanced battery management systems, off‑gas detection, fire detection and suppression systems, explosion prevention and venting, water management and emergency planning. Rather than proposing new experimental data, this work synthesizes recent international research and standards (e.g. UL 9540/UL 9540A, NFPA 855, IEC 62619, IEC 62932) and shows how they can be consistently integrated into the Italian performance‑based framework for different BESS configurations. Beyond providing a structured review of recent research and international standards, the paper proposes a practical design framework and a set of representative design criteria that support the harmonized application of the Italian Fire Safety Code, the national BESS guidelines and international standards to typical BESS installations. The objective is to provide practitioners and authorities with a transparent set of design criteria and examples methodologies that support safe deployment of lithium‑ion BESS in buildings, without compromising energy efficiency and sustainability targets.

This article examines the legal and constitutional basis of academic formal qualification criteria for parliamentary candidacy in the Sultanate of Oman and assesses their adequacy in light of modern legislative responsibilities and Oman Vision 2040. It adopts a comparative-analytical and jurisprudential approach, combining doctrinal analysis of Omani constitutional and electoral provisions with a comparative review of selected Gulf, Arab, and international parliamentary systems. The study traces the evolution of candidacy requirements from early consultative traditions to the reforms introduced in 2011 and retained in subsequent legislation. The analysis finds that adopting the General Education Diploma as a minimum qualification represented an important institutional development, but that this threshold no longer appears sufficient for the increasingly technical demands of legislative work, including policy scrutiny, legal review, and oversight of public finance. This study examines whether the current academic qualification threshold remains adequate in light of evolving legislative demands. It argues that there are credible legal, comparative, and jurisprudential grounds to reconsider the existing framework, while recognizing that the relationship between formal education and legislative effectiveness remains empirically underdetermined. Rather than advancing a single prescriptive outcome, the article evaluates alternative institutional pathways, including qualification reform, structured legislative training, and expertise-based committee allocation. It therefore proposes a reform framework that includes raising the minimum academic qualification, introducing structured legislative training and competence certification, and aligning committee assignments more closely with members’ expertise. The study contributes to the literature by connecting Islamic jurisprudential principles, Omani constitutional development, and comparative legislative practice in a reform-oriented framework for more capable and credible parliamentary governance.

Achieving sustainable education (SDG 4) relies heavily on the well-being, innovation, and performance of educators. Rooted in the context of decent work (SDG 8), this study aims to investigate how job demands and job resources jointly influence lecturers’ innovative work behavior and job performance in the higher education sector. Using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model as a theoretical foundation, the research explores the mediating role of innovative work behavior in linking daily work conditions to sustainable performance outcomes. A quantitative research design was employed using survey data collected from 432 lecturers in higher education in Vietnam, analyzed via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results indicate that well-balanced job demands and resources significantly predict innovative work behavior, which in turn positively influences job performance. The findings suggest that educational institutions aiming for sustainable development must provide decent working conditions, featuring manageable demands and adequate resources, to cultivate an innovation-supportive culture. This paper contributes to the literature on sustainable education management by bridging the motivational mechanisms of the JD-R model with sustainable performance, offering practical insights for policymakers and university administrators to build resilient and innovative academic environments.

Romania’s regional development strategies for 2021–2027 emphasize social inclusion, demographic resilience, and the reduction of territorial disparities, particularly in the context of accelerated population ageing, rural depopulation, and persistent vulnerabilities affecting access to essential services. Within this framework, the social work profession emerges as a key actor in supporting sustainable and equity-oriented models of regional development. Regional analyses across the country highlight recurring structural challenges: declining population trends, a rising share of older adults, uneven access to public services, limited availability of modern social infrastructure, and pronounced urban–rural disparities. At the same time, opportunities generated through European and national policies, including digitalization, improved mobility, expansion of integrated social services, and the modernization of health and social care infrastructure, provide a foundation for strengthening inclusion-focused interventions. This article proposes a sustainability-oriented framework through which social work can contribute to the implementation of regional development priorities by: Expanding and professionalizing community-based services in vulnerable territories; developing active ageing programmes and preventing social isolation; engaging social workers in digital transition processes to reduce service-access gaps; strengthening territorial cooperation and embedding social interventions within multi-level governance mechanisms. Findings suggest that aligning social work interventions with regional policy frameworks can enhance social cohesion, reduce inequalities, and reinforce community resilience. Social work thus positions itself as a central vector in Romania’s transition toward sustainable and inclusive regional development pathways.

Forest bathing (Shinrin-Yoku) is a form of mindful nature immersion that originated in Japan and has proven to be very beneficial physiologically and psychologically. Nevertheless, its potential to promote low-carbon tourism behavior due to psychological spillover effects has not been well investigated. This research examines how forest bathing motivations (Wellness/Egoistic and Nature/Biospheric) influence low-carbon tourism behavior and revisit intention through ecological awareness and connectedness to nature using an adapted value-belief-norm framework. Data were collected from 400 tourists who participated in guided forest bathing sessions at certified Shinrin-Yoku trails across four regions of Thailand between 1 February and 20 March, 2026. The sample consisted entirely of Thai domestic tourists, with 63.8 % being first-time participants. A cross-sectional, on-site survey design was employed. Data analysis was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS 29. Common method bias was assessed using Harman’s single-factor test, and all the hypotheses were supported. Wellness motivation had the strongest influence on connectedness to nature and directly impacted low-carbon tourism behavior, indicating a clear health-to-environment spillover effect. Furthermore, low-carbon tourism behavior significantly predicted revisit intention, suggesting that sustainable practices enhance future engagement. Overall, the model demonstrated excellent fit indices, confirming its robustness and validity. Low-carbon tourism behavior significantly predicted revisit intention. Forest bathing is an efficient avenue toward sustainable tourism behavior, irrespective of the initial motivation type. The results confirm the importance of affective and cognitive processes in facilitating environmentally responsible behavior and have practical implications for the development and policy of ecotourism.

Background: Higher vocational education (HVE) in China is expected to convert technical training into durable graduate employability, and provincial systems such as Yunnan’s must achieve this within smaller, less diversified regional economies. Sustainable entrepreneurship education is increasingly proposed as a route to stronger career agency, yet curriculum design in this setting is rarely anchored in observed labor-market behavior. Aim: Because publicly available, Yunnan-specific data linking entrepreneurship training to employability outcomes remain scarce, this study develops a preliminary, evidence-informed training framework rather than testing an intervention. Data and method: The empirical foundation is the Job-SDF benchmark, a multi-granularity record of monthly job-skill demand compiled from millions of Chinese online job advertisements over 2021–2023 (2335 skills; 14 occupation groups; 7 regional markets). Using a transparent secondary-analysis pipeline, aggregate, occupational, regional, concentration, structural-break and skill co-occurrence patterns were summarized and translated into curriculum components; one mid-sized regional market (Region 6) is treated as an illustrative mid-sized regional case, broadly comparable to a developing provincial economy such as Yunnan’s, rather than as a direct proxy for the province. Findings: Demand grew at a compound annual rate of 10.1 % with a recurring mid-year peak; it is highly concentrated (Gini = 0.85; the top 10% of skills absorb 76.3 % of demand); the illustrative regional case holds only 7.1 % of national demand; 64.7 % of aggregate skill series exhibit structural breaks; and high-demand skills resolve into five co-occurrence clusters. Contribution: These patterns are mapped onto a five-phase sustainable entrepreneurship training framework with a continuous-improvement loop. Limitations and future work: The dataset is not Yunnan-specific and its entities are anonymized; the framework is therefore preliminary and requires validation with primary, named data and a controlled pre–post design in Yunnan HVE institutions.