This research examines the Tongtong system as a community-based Indigenous justice mechanism in the Philippines. A sequential mixed-methods design was employed, involving a quantitative survey of 455 respondents to assess perceptions of the effectiveness of the Tongtong system across three dimensions: Peaceful conflict resolution, observance of due process, and platform for grievance redress, followed by qualitative interviews and focus group discussions to explore its underlying mechanisms. Quantitative findings revealed that the Tongtong system was perceived as highly effective overall, particularly in promoting peaceful conflict resolution. Qualitative findings further showed that the system’s effectiveness is grounded in four foundational elements: (1) elder authority, (2) normative values, (3) restorative practices, and (4) procedural neutrality. Elders were viewed as legitimate mediators due to their experience, moral authority, and collective community recognition. Participants likewise emphasized that accountability, humility, spiritual reverence, and inayan function as culturally embedded regulatory values that strengthen community discipline and social cohesion. Additional features such as neutrality, collaborative dialogue, and relationship repair further contribute to long-term community harmony. These findings support the assertion that the Tongtong system represents a viable, culturally embedded model of governance used to create sustainable social development through the enhancement of social cohesion, the facilitation of inclusive participation, and the generation of a resilient community. The findings also continue to lend credence to the argument that Indigenous justice systems be recognized as valid supplements to formal justice institutions, particularly in situations where culturally appropriate and accessible mechanisms are crucial for establishing effective governance. 

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