Strategic management, staff well-being proxies and performance in sustainable higher education development: Archival evidence from Oman

Mohammed Ahmed Al Farei, Shafazawana Mohamed Tharikh, Nasrudin Baidi, Zulfa Al-Busaidi

Article ID: 8863
Vol 4, Issue 5, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.23812/ssd8863

Download PDF

Abstract

This study examines whether strategic management helps explain the association between employee well-being proxies and an observable performance indicator in Oman’s private higher education sector, with attention to sustainable higher education development. Using an archival quantitative secondary-data design, the study draws on official higher education databases, national policy documents, institutional performance records and publicly available reports. Employee well-being is assessed through observable indicators of staff stability, workload-related conditions, professional-development visibility and institutional support mechanisms. Strategic management is represented through planning visibility, quality assurance, governance documentation and performance-monitoring systems. Because comparable institution-level staff data are not publicly available, the study uses a sector-year archival dataset and interprets the results cautiously. Descriptive statistics, correlations, exploratory regression estimates and robustness checks are reported. The empirical dependent variable is annual total-enrolment growth, which is treated as a narrow observable indicator of organisational performance rather than a complete measure of institutional performance. The single-predictor lagged models do not support a direct independent association between employee well-being proxies and total-enrolment growth (β = 2.453, p = 0.682) or between strategic-management capacity and total-enrolment growth (β = -8.824, p = 0.189). The combined model improves explanatory fit, while the interaction model is retained only as an illustrative pattern because the usable sector-year sample is very small. The findings should therefore be read as preliminary sector-level archival evidence, not as institution-level causal proof. The study contributes to sustainable higher education governance by showing that staff-related conditions, planning systems, quality assurance and data visibility should be considered together when assessing institutional resilience and development-oriented reform in Oman.


Keywords

institutional governance; workload conditions; quality assurance; sector-level data; Oman Vision 2040; archival indicators; staff support; sustainable higher education development


References

1.       Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation. Private HEIs in Oman. Available online: https://www.moheri.gov.om/innerpage.aspx?culture=en&id=9767b8ed-876e-4dfc-9707-c2c3e337c078 (accessed on 25 June 2026).

2.       Oman Vision 2040 Implementation Follow-up Unit. Oman Vision 2040. Available online: https://www.oman2040.om/?lang=en (accessed on 25 June 2026).

3.       Oman Vision 2040 Implementation Follow-up Unit. Oman Vision 2040 Achievements. Available online: https://www.oman2040.om/achievements?lang=en (accessed on 25 June 2026).

4.       World Bank. School Enrollment, Tertiary (% Gross) — Oman. World Bank Open Data. Available online: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.TER.ENRR?locations=OM (accessed on 25 June 2026).

5.       World Bank. School Enrollment, Tertiary (Gross), Gender Parity Index (GPI) — Oman. World Bank Open Data. Available online: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ENR.TERT.FM.ZS?locations=OM (accessed on 25 June 2026).

6.       Nguyen TL, Doan HH, Bui TTH, et al. Fostering sustainable education through decent work: The JD-R model, innovative behavior, and performance of higher education lecturers in Vietnam. Sustainable Social Development. 2026; 4(3): 8673. doi: 10.23812/ssd8673

7.       Chankseliani M, McCowan T. Higher education and the Sustainable Development Goals. Higher Education. 2021; 81: 1–8. doi:10.1007/s10734-020-00652-w

8.       Leal Filho W, Shiel C, Paço A. Implementing and operationalising integrative approaches to sustainability in higher education: the role of project-oriented learning. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016; 133: 126–135. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.079

9.       Lozano R, Merrill MY, Sammalisto K, et al. Connecting competences and pedagogical approaches for sustainable development in higher education: A literature review and framework proposal. Sustainability. 2017; 9(10): 1889. doi: 10.3390/su9101889

10.    Ruiz AMI, Gijselaers W, Beausaert SAJ, Gast I. Being well in academia: A systematic review on the conceptualization and measurement of well-being and well-being indicators. Review of Educational Research. 2025. doi:10.3102/00346543251380975

11.    Van de Voorde K, Paauwe J, Van Veldhoven M. Employee Well-Being and the HRM-Organizational performance relationship: A review of quantitative studies. International Journal of Management Reviews. 2012; 14(4): 391–407. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2370.2011.00322.x

12.    Fumasoli T, Hladchenko M. Strategic management in higher education: Conceptual insights, lessons learned, emerging challenges. Tertiary Education and Management. 2023; 29(4): 331–339. doi: 10.1007/s11233-024-09134-5

13.    Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation. Performance Indicators Project. Available online: https://www.moheri.gov.om/innerpage.aspx?culture=en&id=031400c0-baaf-4d20-a878-8ee2cd704de2 (accessed on 25 June 2026).

14.    Zhang Y, Ozaki Y, Kanbara S, Shaw R. Citizen government interface for SDG data management in Tosa Town, Kochi. Sustainable Social Development. 2025; 3(3): 3659. doi:10.54517/ssd3659

15.    Santos J, Cortez W, Lorenzo MC, Wider W. Advancing quality education through educational tools in business education: A bibliometric analysis in support of SDG 4. Sustainable Social Development. 2026; 4(3): 8507. doi: 10.23812/ssd8507

16.    Khan MB, Shah SAM, Naseem I, et al. Strategic management of renewable energy transition in Pakistan: International partnerships and policy implementation under SDGs 7 & 13. Sustainable Social Development. 2026; 4(3): 8564. doi: 10.23812/ssd8564

17.    Almaqtari FA, Al Sinawi S, Elmashtawy A, et al. The relationship between it governance, digital financial transformation, and economic sustainability performance. Administrative Sciences. 2025; 15(12): 500. doi: 10.3390/admsci15120500

18.    Barney JB. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management. 1991; 17(1): 99–120. doi:10.1177/014920639101700108

19.    Almasria NA, Ershaid D, Al Ghunaimi H, Al Qamashoui AA. The influence of family ownership on the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance: Evidence from jordanian listed firms. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters. 2025; 13(3) :948–968. doi: 10.18488/73.v13i3.4348

20.    Darwish S, Alagele H, Al Khalifa S. Investing in developing employees’ digital and soft skills: Keeping pace with entrepreneurship in Iraq. Ianna Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. 2026; 8(2): 627–639. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.20324002

21.    Al Ghunaimi H, Sallem R, Al Hatroshi A, Al Balushi J. The impact of entrepreneurial alertness and innovativeness on SMEs’ Crisis management in Oman: Evidence from A’Sharqiyah Governorate’s Entrepreneurs. Business Resilience and Market Adaptability. Springer; 2024. pp. 37–50. doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-2962-3_3

22.    Bowen GA. Document Analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal. 2009; 9(2): 27–40. doi: 10.3316/QRJ0902027

23.    Johnston MP. Secondary data analysis: A method of which the time has come. Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries. 2014; 3(3): 619–626.

24.    Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation. Initiatives & Projects of Higher Education. Available online: https://www.moheri.gov.om/InnerPage.aspx?culture=en&id=cc68e071-3a86-49d4-88f0-5e0c3c55f292 (accessed on 25 June 2026).

25.    National Centre for Statistics and Information. Oman — Administrators — 2-University & Private Colleges — Total — Total — Total — Total. Data Portal. Available online: https://data.gov.om/fukxnkd/higher-education?tsId=1039250 (accessed on 25 June 2026).

26.    National Centre for Statistics and Information. Oman — Students Enrolled — 2-University & Private Colleges — Total — Total — Expatriate/Non Omani — Total. Data Portal. Available online: https://data.gov.om/fukxnkd/higher-education?tsId=1054920 (accessed on 25 June 2026).

27.    National Centre for Statistics and Information. Oman — Students Enrolled — 2-University & Private Colleges — Total — Total — Omani — Total. Data Portal. Available online: https://data.gov.om/fukxnkd/higher-education?tsId=1054890 (accessed on 25 June 2026).

28.    Alhajri HM, Shamsuddin A, Jaaffar AH, Almaqtari FA. The role of accreditation in enhancing good governance of higher educational institutions in Oman. Discover Sustainability. 2025; 6: 1337. doi: 10.1007/s43621-025-02098-5

29.    Ketchen DJ Jr, Ireland RD, Baker LT. The use of archival proxies in strategic management studies: Castles made of sand? Organizational Research Methods. 2013; 16(1): 32–42. doi: 10.1177/1094428112459911

30.    OECD; European Union; European Commission, Joint Research Centre. Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide. OECD Publishing; 2008. doi:10.1787/9789264043466-en

31.    Weston SJ, Ritchie SJ, Rohrer JM, Przybylski AK. Recommendations for increasing the transparency of analysis of preexisting data sets. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. 2019; 2(3): 214–227. doi: 10.1177/2515245919848684

32.    Rajagopal NK, Ba Zanbour MKA, Al Kaaf NMA. Exploring work–life balance among female staff members (teaching and non-teaching) in higher educational institutions of Oman: A Study. Economies. 2024; 12(9): 230. doi:10.3390/economies12090230

33.    Al-Ghunaimi H, Awashreh R. Employees’ Perception of Human Aspects in TQM at GCC standardization organization. Journal of Ecohumanism. 2024; 3(4): 249–255. doi: 10.62754/joe.v3i4.3477

34.    Al-Amri AS, Mathew P, Zubairi YZ, Jani R. Optimal standards to measure the quality of higher education institutions in Oman: stakeholders’ perception. SAGE Open. 2020; 10(3): 2158244020947440. doi: 10.1177/2158244020947440

35.    Al Ghunaimi H. Behavioural–personality framework for adaptive E-Learning. AUIQ Humanities and Social Sciences. 2026; 2(1): 2. doi: 10.70176/3106-7557.1009

36.    Awashreh R, Al-Ghunaimi H, Saleh R, Al-Bahri MN. The impact of leadership roles and strategies on employees’ job satisfaction in Oman. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences. 2024; 22(2): 1724–1736. doi: 10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.00120

37.    Awashreh R, AlGhunaimi H. Navigating burnout in the public sector: Strategies for enhancing employee well-being and organizational performance. Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture. 2024; 8(3): 211–225. doi: 10.70082/esiculture.vi.1855

38.    Sallem R, Al Rashdi M, Al Ghunaimi H, et al. The impact of authentic and transformational leadership on employees’ creativity in the Omani public sector: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment. In: Alareeni B, Hamdan A, editors. Technology: Toward Business Sustainability. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer; 2024. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-54019-6_16

39.    George B. Blockchain in logistics: Critical insights for next-generation digital supply chains. Sustainable Social Development. 2025; 3(3): 3481. doi:10.54517/ssd3481

40.    Al Ghunaimi H, AlGhenaimi S, Almasria NA, Ershaid D. Transformational leadership development and employee engagement: Understanding from Omantel’s executive education and training initiatives. Scientific Culture. 2026; 11(3.2): 1004–1018. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18625133

41.    Al Ghunaimi H, Al-Hattami HM, Almasria NA. Islamic business intelligence: A framework for operational efficiency and ethical excellence in shariah-compliant finance. In: Tiberius V, Alnoor AM, Valeri M, Dahleez K, Alazzawi MS, editors. Beyond Intelligent Systems: Navigating the Power of the Agentic Artificial Intelligence for Driving Innovation. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer; 2026. pp. 585–604. doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-15806-2_33

42.    Oman Authority for Quality Assurance of Education. Available online: https://www.oaaaqa.gov.om/ (accessed on 25 June 2026).

43.    Delgado Vela EA. Occupational well-being in higher education teachers: A systematic review. Sapienza: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. 2025; 6(2): e25040. doi: 10.51798/sijis.v6i2.1061

44.    Simon M, Batool A, Trinette F. Post-Pandemic Influences on Occupational Well-Being: Insights from a Higher Education Institution in Oman. Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology. 2024; 13(4): 280–288. doi: 10.61186/johe.13.4.280

Supporting Agencies



Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammed Ahmed Al Farei, Shafazawana Mohamed Tharikh, Nasrudin Baidi, Zulfa Al-Busaidi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).